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1. Disaster Management
Definition: Disaster management encompasses strategies and actions to reduce the impacts of disasters on people, property, and the environment.
Scope: Covers preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation throughout the disaster cycle.
Key Elements: Coordination among governments, NGOs, communities, and technology to create resilient societies.
Preparedness: Includes education, awareness, and resource planning to empower communities.
Mitigation: Employs policies and strategies to minimize disaster risks.
Response: Involves immediate action during a disaster, such as evacuation, relief, and medical aid.
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2. Yokohama Strategy for a Safer World (1994)
Objective: Aimed to prioritize disaster reduction globally and encourage international cooperation.
Principles: Emphasized integrating disaster risk reduction (DRR) into sustainable development.
Capacity Building: Focused on enhancing national and community capacities for disaster preparedness.
Public Awareness: Stressed the need for public understanding of disaster risks and preventive measures.
Community Involvement: Advocated for local participation in disaster management.
Monitoring: Called for systematic monitoring and evaluation of DRR efforts.
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3. Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) (2005-2015)
Objective: Made disaster risk reduction a national and local priority to enhance community resilience.
Key Priorities: Five key areas: DRR prioritization, risk monitoring, using knowledge for safety, reducing risk factors, and strengthening preparedness.
Stakeholder Engagement: Involved governments, civil society, and the private sector in DRR.
Implementation: Integrated DRR into development practices with monitoring mechanisms.
Capacity Development: Focused on strengthening institutional and human capacities.
Outcome: Set the foundation for comprehensive, inclusive approaches to disaster management.
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4. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030)
Objective: To achieve substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives and livelihoods by 2030.
Key Priorities: Four priorities: understanding risk, strengthening governance, investing in DRR, and enhancing preparedness.
Inclusivity: Emphasized participation from vulnerable groups, women, and children in DRR.
Global Targets: Reduce disaster mortality, increase countries with DRR strategies.
SDG Alignment: Integrated with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Monitoring and Reporting: Implemented systems for progress tracking and accountability.
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5. Disaster Management in India
Framework: Structured approach under the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA).
National Policy (2009): Focuses on creating a resilient India through preparedness, response, and recovery.
Disaster Management Act (2005): Established NDMA, SDMAs, and DDRFs for coordinated management.
Preparedness: Guidelines, training, and community involvement for response readiness.
Response Forces: NDRF, SDRF, and DDRF deployed for specialized disaster response.
Community Engagement: Aapda Mitra initiative trains local volunteers for disaster response.
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6. COVID-19 Pandemic: Case Study in Disaster Management
Lockdown: Nationwide lockdown to restrict movement and curb virus spread.
Healthcare Expansion: Increased facilities and converted hospitals to treat COVID-19.
Vaccination Drive: Mass vaccination for frontline workers, elderly, and general population.
Awareness Campaigns: Public education on hygiene, mask usage, and social distancing.
Economic Relief: Financial aid, cash transfers, and food distribution for impacted populations.
Digital Initiatives: Launch of apps for contact tracing, health monitoring, and telemedicine.