Web Development Introduction

Unit 1: Web Development Introduction - Topic Wise Notes

Topic Wise Notes

  • 1. Internet
    Definition: The internet is a global network that connects millions of computers, enabling communication and information exchange.
    Functionality: Operates through interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.
    Services: Provides email, web browsing, social media, online gaming, streaming, etc.
    Evolution: Originated from ARPANET in the 1960s and developed into today’s complex network.
    Impact: Revolutionized communication, commerce, and education, affecting nearly all aspects of modern life.
  • 2. World Wide Web (WWW)
    Definition: The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked multimedia documents accessed via the internet.
    Functionality: Uses HTTP for data transfer and HTML for content formatting.
    Navigation: Users access web pages through URLs in web browsers.
    Evolution: Created by Tim Berners-Lee in the late 1980s; now includes multimedia, social media, and e-commerce.
    Impact: Changed the way information is accessed and businesses operate globally.
  • 3. Browser
    Definition: A browser is a software application that enables users to access, retrieve, and view web content.
    Functionality: Renders web pages and displays multimedia content, interpreting HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
    Common Browsers: Examples include Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, and Opera.
    Features: Includes bookmarking, tabbed browsing, privacy settings, extensions, and developer tools.
    Evolution: Modern browsers support advanced web technologies and compatibility with diverse websites.
  • 4. Search Engine
    Definition: A search engine helps users find information on the internet by indexing web pages and providing relevant results.
    Functionality: Operates by crawling the web, indexing content, and ranking pages based on algorithms.
    Common Examples: Google, Bing, Yahoo!, Baidu, and DuckDuckGo.
    Features: Includes advanced search options, image search, and news aggregation.
    Evolution: Modern search engines provide accurate and personalized results using sophisticated algorithms and AI.
  • 5. Client-Server Model
    Client: A client is a device or software that requests services or data from a server.
    Server: A server responds to client requests, providing resources, data, or services over a network.
    Communication: Clients send requests to servers using protocols like HTTP, and servers respond with the requested data.
    Roles: Clients display information and process data; servers manage resources and process client requests.
    Applications: Widely used in web services, email systems, and cloud computing.
  • 6. Website and Webpage
    Website: A collection of related web pages hosted on a web server, accessible through a domain name.
    Webpage: An individual document within a website, containing text, images, links, and multimedia.
    Structure: Websites often have a homepage and several linked pages.
    Functionality: Websites can provide information, services, and interactions for users.
    Types: Examples include informational, e-commerce, blog, social media, and government websites.
  • 7. Static vs. Dynamic Websites
    Static Website: Consists of fixed content, typically written in HTML, displayed uniformly to all users.
    Dynamic Website: Displays varied content to different users or allows real-time updates, often involving server-side scripting.
    Pros of Static: Easier to create, faster loading, and lower cost.
    Pros of Dynamic: More interactive, customized experiences for users.
    Examples: Static - personal blogs; Dynamic - social media, e-commerce sites.
  • 8. HTTP and HTTPS
    HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol, the foundation of data communication on the web.
    HTTPS: Secure version of HTTP, encrypting data using SSL/TLS.
    Functionality: HTTP allows data exchange between clients and servers; HTTPS adds encryption for security.
    Importance: HTTPS protects user data and prevents interception by unauthorized parties.
    Applications: Commonly used for secure transactions on banking, shopping, and social media sites.
  • 9. URL
    Definition: A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address used to access web pages on the internet.
    Structure: Consists of protocol, domain, path, and sometimes query parameters.
    Protocol: Specifies how the resource is accessed (e.g., HTTP, HTTPS).
    Domain: Identifies the server hosting the resource (e.g., example.com).
    Examples: Common URLs include website addresses, FTP locations, and API endpoints.
  • 10. Developer options of Browser
    1. View Page Source:
    • Function: Displays the HTML source code of the current web page.
    • How to Access: Right-click on the webpage, then select "View Page Source" or use keyboard shortcuts like Ctrl+U (Windows/Linux) or Command+Option+U (Mac).
    2. Developer Tools / Inspect Element:
    • Function: Offers a suite of tools to inspect and modify elements of the webpage, including HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
    • How to Access: Right-click on an element on the page and select "Inspect" or use keyboard shortcuts like Ctrl+Shift+I (Windows/Linux) or Command+Option+I (Mac).
    3. Console:
    • Function: Allows developers to view and debug JavaScript errors, run JavaScript code, log information, etc.
    • How to Access: In Developer Tools, navigate to the "Console" tab.
    4. Network Tab:
    • Function: Shows network activity, including requests and responses between the browser and server.
    • How to Access: In Developer Tools, navigate to the "Network" tab.
    5. Elements Tab:
    • Function: Displays the HTML structure of the webpage and allows live editing of HTML and CSS.
    • How to Access: In Developer Tools, navigate to the "Elements" tab.
    6. Performance Analysis:
    • Function: Assesses the webpage's loading and rendering performance, identifying bottlenecks.
    • How to Access: In Developer Tools, various tabs or options like "Performance" or "Audits" are available for performance analysis.
    7. Application Tab (Storage, Cache, etc.):
    • Function: Allows inspection of storage, including cookies, local storage, session storage, application cache, etc.
    • How to Access: In Developer Tools, navigate to the "Application" tab. These tools collectively aid in website development, debugging, optimizing performance, and ensuring compatibility across different devices and browsers.
  • 11. Why we Need of cyber security & IT Laws ?
    Cybersecurity and IT laws are crucial for several reasons:
    Cybersecurity:
    1. Protection Against Threats: With the increasing digitization, cyber threats like hacking, malware, phishing, and data breaches are rampant. Cybersecurity measures are vital to safeguard against these threats.
    2. Data Protection: Businesses and individuals store sensitive data online. Cybersecurity ensures the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of this data, preventing unauthorized access or manipulation.
    3. Business Continuity: Cyber attacks can disrupt operations, leading to financial losses and reputational damage. Robust cybersecurity measures help maintain business continuity.
    4. Personal Privacy: Protects individuals' personal information, ensuring their privacy and preventing identity theft or unauthorized access to sensitive data.
    IT Laws:
    1. Legal Framework: Define legal guidelines and frameworks to govern digital information, technology usage, privacy, intellectual property, e-commerce, and cybercrimes.
    2. Protection of Rights: Ensure protection against various digital crimes such as data theft, cyberbullying, online fraud, piracy, and copyright violations.
    3. Regulation and Compliance: Ensure organizations and individuals adhere to standards and guidelines, promoting ethical technology usage and data protection.
    4. Global Connectivity: Facilitate global communication and transactions by establishing standards for data privacy, security, and cross-border digital activities.